Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities

Paul Dominick Baniqued; Daniel Mitchell; Hasan Kivrak; Jamie Blanche; Paul Bremner; Samuel Harper; Zhengyi Jiang; Erwin Lopez; Jessica Paterson; Joaquin  Carrasco; Keir Groves; Manuel Giuliani; Guido Herrmann; Barry Lennox; Theodore Lim; Simon Watson; David  Flynn

doi:10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570

Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities

Paul Dominick Baniqued, Daniel Mitchell^*, Hasan Kivrak, Jamie Blanche, Paul Bremner, Samuel Harper, Zhengyi Jiang, Erwin Lopez, Jessica Paterson, Joaquin Carrasco, Keir Groves, Manuel Giuliani, Guido Herrmann, Barry Lennox, Theodore Lim, Simon Watson, David Flynn

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Rapid advancement of digital technologies has resulted in an acceleration of cyber–physical systems for autonomous mobile robots to improve energy asset management activities within inspection, maintenance and repair. Within this systems-based approach, the role of the human-in-the-loop has also increased leading to cyber–physical-human systems requiring real-time interaction of robotics and digital twins with a human operator. Subject to existing network systems and physical systems, cyber–physical-human systems face enormous challenges requiring further investigation. This review presents the state-of-the-art in discovery, design, development and deployment of cyber–physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management. To address dominant concepts and misconceptions in this area, key terminologies, system concepts and applications are presented. Then a state-of-the-art review with associated trends for several applications within academic and industrial sectors is presented where current practises and limitations are then discussed. Finally, future opportunities are explored alongside highlighted concepts providing a pathway for rapid adoption and improved key performance indicators of mobile fleets for facility operators and those in the wider community.

Original language	English
Article number	100570
Journal	Energy and AI
Volume	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2025

Keywords

cyber-physical systems
cyber-physical-human systems
digital twin
digitalisation
asset management
human-in-the-loop
energy
mobile robotics
virtual reality
human-robot interaction
human-robot collaboration

Research Beacons, Institutes and Platforms

Energy
Dalton Nuclear Institute

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570Licence: CC BY

RAI: Centre for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
Cangelosi, A. (PI), Lennox, B. (PI), Weightman, A. (CoI), Dennis, L. (CoI), Dixon, C. (CoI), Fisher, M. (CoI), Herrmann, G. (CoI), Dickson, A. (CoI), Lanzon, A. (CoI), Stancu, A. (CoI), Miller, A. (CoI), Freitas, A. (CoI), Nini, A. (CoI), Voronkov, A. (CoI), Brass, A. (CoI), Vijayaraghavan, A. (CoI), Parslew, B. (CoI), crowther, W. (CoI), Grieve, B. (CoI), Adorno, B. (CoI), Jay, C. (CoI), Wang, C. C. L. (CoI), Todd, C. (CoI), Soutis, C. (CoI), Arsene, C. (CoI), Dresner, D. (CoI), Barrett, E. (CoI), Gowen, E. (CoI), Arvin, F. (CoI), Podd, F. (CoI), Brown, G. (CoI), Reger, G. (CoI), Cooper, G. (CoI), Mairs, H. (CoI), Yin, H. (CoI), Kinloch, I. (CoI), Eleftheriou, I. (CoI), Li, J. (CoI), Carrasco Gomez, J. (CoI), Ainsworth, J. (CoI), Sinha, J. (CoI), Ozanyan, K. (CoI), Smith, K. (CoI), Twomey, K. (CoI), Margetts, L. (CoI), Ren, L. (CoI), Zhang, L. (CoI), Cordeiro, L. (CoI), Rattray, M. (PI), Bissett, M. (CoI), Elliot, M. (CoI), Alvarez, M. (CoI), Luján, M. (CoI), Nabawy BSc, MSc, PhD, MRAeS, SMAIAA, FHEA, M. (CoI), Peek, N. (CoI), Marjanovic, O. (CoI), Dorn, O. (CoI), Dudek, P. (CoI), Green, P. (CoI), Connolly, P. (CoI), Da Silva Bartolo, P. J. (CoI), Gardner, P. (CoI), Martin, P. (CoI), Potluri, P. (CoI), Curtis, R. (CoI), Schmidt, R. (CoI), Banach, R. (CoI), Batista-Navarro, R. T. (CoI), Kaski, S. (CoI), Midson, S. (CoI), Watson, S. (CoI), Holm, S. (CoI), Furber, S. (CoI), Schlegel, V. (CoI), Mirihanage, W. (CoI), Mansell, W. (CoI), Pan, W. (CoI), Sampson, W. (CoI), Sellers, W. (CoI), Yang, W. (CoI), Cai, P. (CoI), Sun, Y. (CoI), Alharthi, A. (Researcher), Macario Rojas, A. (Researcher), Serhan, B. (Researcher), Yu, C. (Researcher), Abara, D. (Researcher), Lopez Pulgarin, E. (Researcher), Faruq, F. (Researcher), Tavella, F. (Researcher), Semeraro, F. (Researcher), Liu, G. (Researcher), Fang, G. (Researcher), Niu, H. (Researcher), Taylor, H. (PI), Zhu, H. (PGR student), Collenette, J. (Researcher), Amano, K. (Researcher), Lo, K. C. J. (PGR student), Raggioli, L. (Researcher), Romeo, M. (Researcher), Ruocco, M. (PGR student), Ghaffari Saadat, M. (Researcher), Walmsley, M. (Researcher), Mubarik, A. (Researcher), Vinanzi, S. (Researcher), Su, Y.-H. (PGR student), McAleese, H. (PGR student), Stringer, P. (PGR student), Stoican, R. (PGR student), Ye, R. (PGR student), Kurawa, S. S. (PGR student), Zhang, T. (PGR student), Krywonos, W. (PGR student), Xu, Y. (PGR student), Tian, Y. (PGR student), Henderson, A. (Technical team), Morley, D. (Support team), Tallentire, J. (Support team), Smith, J. (Support team), Hawthornthwaite, S. (Support team), Carlson, J. (Support team) & Baniqued, P. D. (Researcher)
Project: Research

Centre for Robotic Autonomy in Demanding and Long Lasting Environments (CRADLE)
Baniqued, P. D. (Participant), Lennox, B. (Participant), Fisher, M. (Participant), Watson, S. (Participant), Flint, S. (Participant), Khan, D. (Participant), Tse, K. W. (Participant), Adorno, B. (Participant), Groves, K. (Participant), Atia, M. (Participant), Leslie-Dalley, S. (Participant), Dennis, L. (Participant), Zheng, S. (Participant), Limarga, R. (Participant), Farrell, M. (Collaborator), Cangelosi, A. (Participant), Dixon, C. (Participant), Collins, E. (Collaborator), Tavella, F. (Participant), Bolarinwa, J. (Participant), Chi, X. (Participant), Rolph, M. (Participant), Abeywickrama, D. (Participant), Rafiq, Y. (Participant), Bishop, C. (Participant), Wheelhouse, L. (Participant), Morley, A. (Participant), Bettles, J. (Participant), Soboyejo, T. (Participant), Weightman, A. (Collaborator), Marinho, M. (Collaborator), Ladosz, P. (Collaborator) & Smith, K. (Collaborator)
Impact: Economic, Environmental, Policy

Cite this

Baniqued, P. D., Mitchell, D., Kivrak, H., Blanche, J., Bremner, P., Harper, S., Jiang, Z., Lopez, E., Paterson, J., Carrasco, J., Groves, K., Giuliani, M., Herrmann, G., Lennox, B., Lim, T., Watson, S., & Flynn, D. (2025). Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities. Energy and AI, 21, Article 100570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570

@article{45eb55099dd446ba80ef2b214b246cdf,

title = "Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities",

abstract = "Rapid advancement of digital technologies has resulted in an acceleration of cyber–physical systems for autonomous mobile robots to improve energy asset management activities within inspection, maintenance and repair. Within this systems-based approach, the role of the human-in-the-loop has also increased leading to cyber–physical-human systems requiring real-time interaction of robotics and digital twins with a human operator. Subject to existing network systems and physical systems, cyber–physical-human systems face enormous challenges requiring further investigation. This review presents the state-of-the-art in discovery, design, development and deployment of cyber–physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management. To address dominant concepts and misconceptions in this area, key terminologies, system concepts and applications are presented. Then a state-of-the-art review with associated trends for several applications within academic and industrial sectors is presented where current practises and limitations are then discussed. Finally, future opportunities are explored alongside highlighted concepts providing a pathway for rapid adoption and improved key performance indicators of mobile fleets for facility operators and those in the wider community.",

keywords = "cyber-physical systems, cyber-physical-human systems, digital twin, digitalisation, asset management, human-in-the-loop, energy, mobile robotics, virtual reality, human-robot interaction, human-robot collaboration",

author = "Baniqued, \{Paul Dominick\} and Daniel Mitchell and Hasan Kivrak and Jamie Blanche and Paul Bremner and Samuel Harper and Zhengyi Jiang and Erwin Lopez and Jessica Paterson and Joaquin Carrasco and Keir Groves and Manuel Giuliani and Guido Herrmann and Barry Lennox and Theodore Lim and Simon Watson and David Flynn",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570",

language = "English",

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journal = "Energy and AI",

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Baniqued, PD, Mitchell, D, Kivrak, H, Blanche, J, Bremner, P, Harper, S, Jiang, Z, Lopez, E, Paterson, J, Carrasco, J, Groves, K, Giuliani, M, Herrmann, G , Lennox, B, Lim, T, Watson, S & Flynn, D 2025, 'Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities', Energy and AI, vol. 21, 100570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities

AU - Baniqued, Paul Dominick

AU - Mitchell, Daniel

AU - Kivrak, Hasan

AU - Blanche, Jamie

AU - Bremner, Paul

AU - Harper, Samuel

AU - Jiang, Zhengyi

AU - Lopez, Erwin

AU - Paterson, Jessica

AU - Carrasco, Joaquin

AU - Groves, Keir

AU - Giuliani, Manuel

AU - Herrmann, Guido

AU - Lennox, Barry

AU - Lim, Theodore

AU - Watson, Simon

AU - Flynn, David

PY - 2025/9/1

Y1 - 2025/9/1

N2 - Rapid advancement of digital technologies has resulted in an acceleration of cyber–physical systems for autonomous mobile robots to improve energy asset management activities within inspection, maintenance and repair. Within this systems-based approach, the role of the human-in-the-loop has also increased leading to cyber–physical-human systems requiring real-time interaction of robotics and digital twins with a human operator. Subject to existing network systems and physical systems, cyber–physical-human systems face enormous challenges requiring further investigation. This review presents the state-of-the-art in discovery, design, development and deployment of cyber–physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management. To address dominant concepts and misconceptions in this area, key terminologies, system concepts and applications are presented. Then a state-of-the-art review with associated trends for several applications within academic and industrial sectors is presented where current practises and limitations are then discussed. Finally, future opportunities are explored alongside highlighted concepts providing a pathway for rapid adoption and improved key performance indicators of mobile fleets for facility operators and those in the wider community.

AB - Rapid advancement of digital technologies has resulted in an acceleration of cyber–physical systems for autonomous mobile robots to improve energy asset management activities within inspection, maintenance and repair. Within this systems-based approach, the role of the human-in-the-loop has also increased leading to cyber–physical-human systems requiring real-time interaction of robotics and digital twins with a human operator. Subject to existing network systems and physical systems, cyber–physical-human systems face enormous challenges requiring further investigation. This review presents the state-of-the-art in discovery, design, development and deployment of cyber–physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management. To address dominant concepts and misconceptions in this area, key terminologies, system concepts and applications are presented. Then a state-of-the-art review with associated trends for several applications within academic and industrial sectors is presented where current practises and limitations are then discussed. Finally, future opportunities are explored alongside highlighted concepts providing a pathway for rapid adoption and improved key performance indicators of mobile fleets for facility operators and those in the wider community.

KW - cyber-physical systems

KW - cyber-physical-human systems

KW - digital twin

KW - digitalisation

KW - asset management

KW - human-in-the-loop

KW - energy

KW - mobile robotics

KW - virtual reality

KW - human-robot interaction

KW - human-robot collaboration

U2 - 10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570

DO - 10.1016/j.egyai.2025.100570

M3 - Review article

SN - 2666-5468

VL - 21

JO - Energy and AI

JF - Energy and AI

M1 - 100570

ER -

Cyber-physical-human systems for mobile robots in energy asset management: Current practices and future opportunities

Abstract

Keywords

Research Beacons, Institutes and Platforms

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

RAI: Centre for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

Impacts

Centre for Robotic Autonomy in Demanding and Long Lasting Environments (CRADLE)

Cite this