A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Loneliness Measures for Children and Adolescents

This paper reviews the three most commonly used measures of loneliness for children and ado-lescents, (children: Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents [LACA] and Children’s Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale [CLS]; adolescents: UCLA loneliness scale [UCLA] and LACA). Loneliness is a pertinent issue across populations and affects the mental health and academic achievement of children and adolescents. To date, there has been no thor-ough examination of the loneliness measures for this age group. We examine how each of the three measures was developed, and assess the psychometric properties of those measures, gain-ing insight into whether they are valid and reliable assessments of loneliness. Results suggest that the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978) is the most popular measure of loneliness for use with adolescents, but it does not have robust psychometric properties for that group. For children, the CLS appears most suitable. Results of the review identify gaps in aspects of meas-ure development, with no measure having be developed with children or adolescents. Implica-tions for future loneliness measurement research are considered.